The Effect Of Salinity On Water Salinity - 1302 Words

Salinity, is a measure of the amount of salt dissolved in the water. Usually measured in parts per thousand. It largely depends on the body of water considered. For example, it is typically between 34 and 37 parts per thousand for sea water (1). A dangerous salinity depends on the specific water considered. Brine waters are associated with a 50 ppt salinity. Thus, this salinity is considered dangerous for sea water. Salt in the sea comes from rocks on land. Ground water salinity is quite important as it’s the main source of the water we drink. Its salinity has been raising because the rain that falls on the land contains some dissolved carbon dioxide from the surrounding air (2). Rain water penetrates the rock layers and eventually†¦show more content†¦pH levels exceeding 8.3 are stressful to most marine animals. pH also has an impact on a process called calcification. Calcification increases with pH rise (4). The monitoring of the acidity and basicity of the liquids disposed in the ocean by factories and research facilities on the long term might allow the control of the pH levels. Turbidity represents the clarity of water. It is affected by the amount of phytoplankton, clay, slit, minerals or even algae, suspended in the water. The more opaque the water is, the higher its turbidity. It is measured in nephelometric units NTUs using a turbidimeter or nephelometer (6). Acceptable ranges for streams are 25 NTU and for lakes and reservoirs 50 NTU. High turbidity levels can cause health issues such as increasing the possibility for waterborne diseases. They can also cause environmental problems especially that higher turbidity means less light penetrating. Thus, leading to less photosynthesis for aquatic plants (7). This can be reduced by decreasing urban runoff and implementing better treatment techniques for sewage treatment and discharge plants. Just like the name indicates, dissolved oxygen DO, is the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. It is measured in mg O2/L. The main source for the dissolved oxygen is the aquatic plants that carry out photosynthesis. Therefore, its levels vary a lot within one day due to light availability (8). Normal

Gender Differences Between Veterans Diagnosed With...

Topic: Gender Difference In Treatment For PTSD Bernardy, N. C., Lund, B. C., Alexander, B., Jenkyn, A. B., Schnurr, P. P., Friedman, M. J. (2013). Gender differences in prescribing among veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of general internal medicine, 28(2), 542-548. This research focuses on how medications are being prescribed for PTSD and how it affects the genders. Women have an increase occurrence of having depression and anxiety while men are likely to develop substance abuse and traumatic brain injury. Prazosin, a psychotropic medication, is more likely in men. Women are given a wide range of psychotropic medications. Treating women with SSRI/SNRIs has help manage PTSD. The sexual side effects of SSRI/ SNRIs can cause men to decline to this treatment, which will cause men to be a disadvantage. Other medications such as Benzodiazepines can deteriorated other types of treatments like psychotherapy. Some medications are used to treat sleeping disorders like insomnia. Sleep is a role in how medications are being prescribed for PTSD. It is important to know what is being prescribed to women and men, and if it being prescribed accordingly. Felmingham, K. L., Bryant, R. A. (2012). Gender differences in the maintenance of response to cognitive behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 80(2), 196-200. doi:10.1037/a0027156 In this journal article, cognitive behavior therapy is one ofShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics, Gender, And Class Affected1826 Words   |  8 PagesCharacteristics, Gender, and Class Affected Demographic patterns across the globe are changing, and older people constitute a growing proportion of the population. Although many older adults enjoy well-being and satisfaction in later years, some experience psychiatric and mental health difficulties. A topic of particular significance to professionals working with older adults, both Veteran and non-Veteran, is the understanding, assessment, and treatment of posttraumatic stress, as posttraumatic stress symptomsRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Research Paper6725 Words   |  27 PagesAbstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a widespread disorder that affects certain individuals psychologically, behaviorally, and emotionally following the experience of a traumatic event (Lee et al., 2005, p. 135). However, because of inconsistencies regarding the percentage of individuals who experience PTSD and the percentage of individuals who subsequently develop PTSD, researchers hypothesize that both biological and environmental factors contribute to the development of PTSD (WolfRead MoreIn Previous Conflicts And Wars, Post Traumatic Stress Disorders1812 Words   |  8 PagesIn previous conflicts and wars, Post Traumatic Stress Disorders was called soldier s heart, shell shock, or combat fatigue. We have to be grateful that today, doctors recognize the issues described by each of these terms as a distinct medical condition called posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD. PTSD can occur after a traumatic event such as combat, assault or a natural disaster. While the after affect s of situations can cause stress, it is common after a trauma for those with PTSD to haveRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )2044 Words   |  9 Pagesand/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and are actually unhappy or depressed that they survived. This condition not only affects the survivors, but those around them as well. Some military veterans can struggle with returning to civilian life after leaving the military. Both posttraumatic stress disorder and survivor’s guilt can make it harder for the veteran to return back into a civilian way of life. The facts indicate that due to the effects on soldiers and military veterans from them being inRead MoreA Brief Note On Ptsd And Survivors Guilt2039 Words   |  9 Pagesand/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and are actually unhappy or depressed that they survived. This condition not only affects the survivors, but those around them as well. Some military veterans can struggle with returning to civilian life after leaving the military. Both posttraumatic stress disorder and survivor’s guilt can make it harder for the veteran to return back into a civilian way of life. The facts indicate that due to the effects on soldiers and military veterans from them being inRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1304 Words   |  5 Pages Formerly seen in individuals from combat, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is now seen in civilians following traumatic events, ranging from violence, accidents, serious injury and life threatening illness (Association, 2000). PTSD has debilitating psycho-emotional and psychobiological effects, which can impair an individual’s daily life and can be life threatening. Consequently, individuals with PTSD often experience difficulties in maintaining relationships, which often leads to â€Å"occupationalRead MoreThe Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )2330 Words   |  10 Pageshave developed a condition known as survivor’s guilt and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and are actually unhappy or depressed that they survived. This condition not only affects the survivors, but those around them as well. Some military veterans can struggle with returning to civilian life after leaving the military (one reason are that veteran could of developed a condition called post-traumatic stress disorder which is also called PTSD for sort. Another reason is they could have developedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder Research Paper5425 Words   |  22 PagesIntroduction According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the projected lifetime risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is 8.7% by the age of 75 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). While 8.7% may not initially seem like much, that is almost 28 million people living in the United States who could develop PTSD by the time they turn 75. The most disconcerting aspect about this statistic is that it does not include other factors that increaseRead MoreThe Effects Of Cognitive Appraisals On The Development Of Ptsd1972 Words   |  8 PagesThe cognitive factors that are responsible for the development of anxiety disorders have recently been examined. PTSD is one of those disorders, and many models have been proposed. A more recently examined factor is the effect of cognitive appraisals in the development of PTSD. Cognitive appraisals are how an individual thinks about the traumatic event and can lead to the development of PTSD. The researche rs propose that negative cognitive appraisals are a factor in the development of PTSD becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Psychoeducational Group Therapy On Symptoms Of Ptsd, Anxiety And Depression Among Incarcerated Women3447 Words   |  14 PagesMessina and Grella (2007) found that greater exposure to childhood trauma contributes to a higher prevalence of mental illness within the population of incarcerated women. Not only does the lack of mental health treatment in correctional facilities affect incarcerated women, there are also long term consequences to community health and recidivism rates (Messina Grella, 2007). As evidenced by prior research, more studies must be done on this unique population in order to determine the best intervention

Pankaj Ghemawat on Globalisation-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Discuss about the Ford and Taylorism. 2.Discuss about the Pankaj Ghemawat on Globalisation. Answers: 1.Ford and Taylorism This activity shows the influence of management on the way in which employees perform. Initially, work was being done so slowly because the company was operating based on craftsmanship. The cars were also so expensive because only the rich could afford them. Tylor operated based on time because he believed that workers performance can only be analysed based on the time they took to complete a particular task. When Taylor came to this company, he clearly demonstrated that one does not need to focus on talent in monetary system because money is the talent which one requires to be powerful and talented. From the activity, Taylor seems to be a tyrant who disliked craftsmanship. When he came, he ensured there was further control to managers and undermined the dignity of craftsmanship. He also ensured there were several steps involved in production and each step was performed by different people. His perception to craftsmanship and several things he rearranged changed productivity. Job was done quickly and more cars could be produced than before. The idea of operating based on time is the primary factor which led to the need of establishing new ways of doing things in this company (Koji, 2014). Initially, the company was depending too much on man labour which contributed to high cost of production, high selling prices, and lack of high quality cars among others. With the high demand of working based on time, there was introduction of machines, division of labour, and conveyer belt among other facilities which increased the speed of doing things. From this activity, one can learn that production is always impacted by ones management skills. Initially, the company used to produce few cars and with high production cost which made them to be sold at high prices. Afterwards, production was highly changed by the manner in which Taylor managed the workers and introduced better ways of doing things. For example, the use of conveyer belts made materials to be delivered to the exact points as soon as they were needed (Gadenne, 2012). The use of machines and division of labour also played a significant role to have things done perfectly and within minimum time possible. This activity shows the importance of using good management skills to run an organization. When a company performs better through producing higher products at reduced costs, it is important to also appreciate those who have contributed to attaining the success. When the company started producing more cars than before with reduced production cost, employee salaries were raised and the company managed to offer more jobs as well (Wayne, 2014). Providing reasonable pay for hard work is fundamental because it makes employees to feel appreciated and see the importance of working with the organization. This activity should play a significant role for any manager or leader who wishes to direct his company in a manner which can assist it to be termed as successful. As a manger, one should understand what he wants the company to attain, what is required to attain it, the time required and what will be done if the desired results are obtained or not. 2.Pankaj Ghemawat on Globalisation According to Ghemawat, the world is not flat because goods, ideas and people do not flow freely. In this activity, he challenges Friedmans book titled the world is flat by claiming that the world is not connected or globalized as most people may think (Anon., n.d.). He asserts that the world does not have true connections because of the imbalance which exist between the poor and rich, small and large. Ghemawat argues that 90 percent of the fixed investments across the world is still very domesticated, and has not reached lower than 80 percent, meaning that only 10 percent contributes to international trade (Dang, 2010). He also argues that although the world has become more wired, people are yet to become more global, and that is the reason why there is lack of physical interactions with each other. To help the audience understand why he argues that the world is not flat, he gave them an over view of the statistics he had compiled over the last few years. These comprised of the percentage of the worlds population by the first generation immigrants, the percentage of investment that was accounted for in foreign direct investment, international voice call minutes that were accounted for by the cross boarder voice calls, export to GDP ratio among others. Based on this activity, it is clear that the world is yet to become flat because there are various matters which impact global aspects but they are not fully accounted in cross boarder perspective. Ghemawat provided some examples of these activities and said that although some of them are accounted for, real figures are not used. The world is not flat because if it was, there would be free flow of ideas, goods and people (Kunnanatt, 2013). There would be also interaction and integration of individuals, organizations and governments. Additionally, if the world is flat, today there would be easy communication and globalization would be fast. Even if some countries are advanced, others have long way to go especially those in the poorest countries and states. Although Ghemawat says the world is yet to become flat, he also sees a future where globalization is likely to become possible. This activity reveals the truth concerning why the world is not flat but gives people some hope that some years to come it might be possible to say that it has become flat. This activity shows that people should do things the way they are supposed to be done. For example, there should be proper accounting for data which is likely to influence globalization. Ghemewat says that some of the figures provided are either too high or too low, a factor which makes people to make wrong conclusion concerning if the world is flat or not (Satoshi, 2012). From this activity, it is clear that there are several factors which can make argue that globalization is yet to be attained. Conclusion From the first activity, it is clear that the manner in which organizations are managed determines their performance. Working based on time, valuing the use of machines and division of labour brought by Tylor made this company to produce many cars than before. From the second activity, the world is not yet flat because there is no flow of ideas, goods, and people. The other reason which makes it not flat is because various things which are not accounted for in the international perspective like for example information flow, flow of people, flow of capital and trade in products and service Bibliography Anon., n.d. ford and Taylorism. [Online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PdmNbqtDdI [Accessed tuesday august 2017]. Anon., n.d. Pankaj Ghemawat on Globalisation. [Online] Available at: Pankaj Ghemawat on Globalisation [Accessed Tuesaday august 2017]. Dang, T., 2010. Globalization Factors in Income Distribution and Poverty in Developing Countries. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 9(1), pp. 87-98. Gadenne, D. J., 2012. The Association between Sustainability Performance Management Goals and Organisational Performance1. E - Journal of Social Behavioural Research in Business,, 3(2), pp. 89-97. Koji, Y., 2014. Spurious Correlation between Economies and Scale: Model T Ford Revisited. Annals of Business Administrative Science, 13(4), pp. 98-112. Kunnanatt, J. T., 2013. Globalization and Developing Countries: A Global Participation Model. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 8(4), pp. 21-34. Satoshi, M., 2012. Does Globalization Render People More Ethnocentric? Globalization and People's Views on Cultures. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 71(2), pp. 87-90. Wayne, L., 2014. Thomas Fetzer, Paradoxes of Internationalization: British and German Trade Unions at Ford and General Motors, 1967-2000. Labour/Le Travail, Issue 73, pp. 78-90.